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The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was created by the International Phonetic Association in the 1880s to transcribe the sounds of all spoken languages. It is based (mostly) on Latin letters and uses a large number of diacritics.

This page tests International Phonetic Alphabet-related characters spread through various Unicode blocks and is laid out for easy comparison against the actual IPA and ExtIPA charts. It is split into several sections:

It is part of the Gallery of Unicode Fonts and is based on the following sources:

pick the desired font name

from this list    - or -       by typing in the exact font name

The selected font must be installed on your system. This page might not display properly with older versions of Internet Explorer or Netscape. Additionally, Netscape & Firefox may show an unsupported character using a different font to the one selected. Internet Explorer seems to do this too, but to a much lesser extent.

Codepoints added with Unicode version 4.1.0 are shown with a yellow background.

Codepoints added with Unicode version 5.0 are shown with a pink background.

Place your curser above specific IPA symbols to display more detailed information from the Unicode Standard and the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. (This works on only some browsers.)
The information is in the following format:
     U+<UNICODE HEX CODE>: <UNICODE NAME>
     IPA #<IPA Number> <IPA Symbol Name>: <Phonetic Description> (<Status>)


THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET
(revised to 1993, updated 1996)

CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) left half of chart

  Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar  
Plosive p b     t d    
U+xxxx
IPA#		 0070
#101		 0062
#102		 0074
#103		 0064
#104
Nasal   m   ɱ   n    
U+xxxx
IPA#		 006D
#114		 0271
#115		 006E
#116
Trill   ʙ     r    
U+xxxx
IPA#		 0299
#121		 0072
#122
Tap or Flap       ɾ    
U+xxxx
IPA#		 027E
#124
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ  
U+xxxx
IPA#		 0278
#126		 03B2
#127		 0066
#128		 0076
#129		 03B8
#130		 00F0
#131		 0073
#132		 007A
#133		 0283
#134		 0292
#135
Lateral
fricative		       ɬ ɮ    
U+xxxx
IPA#		 026C
#148		 026E
#149
Approximant     ʋ     ɹ    
U+xxxx
IPA#		 028B
#150		 0279
#151
Lateral
approximant		         l    
U+xxxx
IPA#		 006C
#155
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant.
Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

ᶿ Voiceless dental fricative release  
U+1DBF
IPA#217

CONSONANTS (PULMONIC) right half of chart

  Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal  
  ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ     ʔ   Plosive
0288
#105		 0256
#106		 0063
#107		 025F
#108		 006B
#109		 0261
#110		 0071
#111		 0262
#112		 0294
#113		 U+xxxx
IPA#
    ɳ   ɲ   ŋ   ɴ     Nasal
0273
#117		 0272
#118		 014B
#119		 0274
#120		 U+xxxx
IPA#
          ʀ     Trill
0280
#123		 U+xxxx
IPA#
    ɽ           Tap or Flap
027D
#125		 U+xxxx
IPA#
  ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ Fricative
0282
#136		 0290
#137		 00E7
#138		 029D
#139		 0078
#140		 0263
#141		 03C7
#142		 0281
#143		 0127
#144		 0295
#145		 0068
#146		 0266
#147		 U+xxxx
IPA#
              Lateral
fricative
U+xxxx
IPA#
    ɻ   j   ɰ       Approximant
027B
#152		 006A
#153		 0270
#154		 U+xxxx
IPA#
    ɭ   ʎ   ʟ       Lateral
approximant
026D
#156		 028E
#157		 029F
#158		 U+xxxx
IPA#
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant.
Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

ˣ Voiceless velar fricative release
U+02E3
IPA#292
g Equivalent symbol for "voiced velar plosive"
IPA #110 (above) and IPA #210 (left) are equivalent "Voiced velar plosive" symbols.
IPA #110's symbol name is "Opentail G" while #210's is "Looptail G".
U+0067
IPA#210

CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC)

Clicks   Voiced implosives   Ejectives
ʘ Bilabial   ɓ Bilabial   ʼ (see note below)
U+0298
IPA#176		     U+0253
IPA#160		     U+02BC
IPA#401		 Examples:
ǀ Dental   ɗ Dental/alveolar    pʼ Bilabial
U+01C0
IPA#177		     U+0257
IPA#162		      
ǃ (Post)alveolar   ʄ Palatal   tʼ Dental/alveolar 
U+01C3
IPA#178		     U+0284
IPA#164		      
ǂ Palatoalveolar   ɠ Velar   kʼ Velar
U+01C2
IPA#179		     U+0260
IPA#166		      
ǁ Alveolar lateral   ʛ Velar   sʼ Alveolar fricative 
U+01C1
IPA#180		     U+029B
IPA#168		      
*Note on IPA#401 (U+02BC): Some sources show ejectives with U+0027 (APOSTROPHE)
or U+2019 (RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK).
The Handbook of the International Phonetic Association specifies U+02BC.

OTHER SYMBOLS

ʍ Voiceless
labial-velar
fricative		 ɕ ʑ Alveolo-palatal fricatives
U+028D
IPA#169		 U+0255
IPA#182		 U+0291
IPA#183
w Voiced
labial-velar
approximant		 ɺ Alveolar lateral flap
U+0077
IPA#170		 U+027A
IPA#181
ɥ Voiced
labial-palatal
approximant		 ɧ Simultaneous ʃ (U+0283 IPA#134) and x (U+0078 IPA#140)
U+0265
IPA#171		 U+0267
IPA#175
ʜ Voiceless
epiglottal
fricative		 Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar (above or below*) if necessary. The tie bar is typed between the two symbols.
U+029C
IPA#172
ʢ Voiced
epiglottal
fricative		   k͡p "tie bar above" example
U+006B U+0361 U+0070
IPA#109   #433     #101
U+02A2
IPA#174
ʡ Epiglottal
plosive		    t͜s  "tie bar below" example
U+0074 U+035C U+0073
IPA#103   #???*     #132
U+02A1
IPA#173
*The Handbook of the Phonetic Association shows that the tie bar can also be placed below the two symbols.
It is unclear to me what IPA symbol number accurately applies to the tie bar below.
Note that U+203F UNDERTIE cannot be used for this purpose since it is a spacing character, not a combining one.

VOWELS

 
  Front   Central   Back
 
Close   i y   ɨ ʉ   ɯ u
  U+0069
IPA#301		 U+0079
IPA#309		   U+0268
IPA#317		 U+0289
IPA#318		   U+026F
IPA#316		 U+0075
IPA#308
  ɪ ʏ     ʊ  
    U+026A
IPA#319		 U+028F
IPA#320		     U+028A
IPA#321		  
Close-mid   e ø   ɘ ɵ   ɤ o
  U+0065
IPA#302		 U+00F8
IPA#310		   U+0258
IPA#397		 U+0275
IPA#323		   U+0264
IPA#315		 U+006F
IPA#307
        ə      
        U+0259
IPA#322
 		      
Open-mid   ɛ œ   ɜ ɞ   ʌ ɔ
  U+025B
IPA#303		 U+0153
IPA#311		   U+025C
IPA#326		 U+025E
IPA#395		   U+028C
IPA#314		 U+0254
IPA#306
  æ     ɐ      
  U+00E6
IPA#325		     U+0250
IPA#324
 		      
Open   a ɶ         ɑ ɒ
  U+0061
IPA#304		 U+0276
IPA#312		         U+0251
IPA#305		 U+0252
IPA#313

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

ᵊ   Mid central vowel release  
U+1D4A
IPA#218

 
DIACRITICS
  Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender.
For example IPA#119 IPA#402b (U+014B U+030A):		 ŋ̊
̥ Voiceless
U+0325
IPA#402a		 n̥ d̥ ̤ Breathy voiced
U+0324
IPA#405		 b̤ a̤ ̪ Dental
U+032A
IPA#408		 t̪ d̪
̬ Voiced
U+032C
IPA#403		 s̬ t̬ ̰ Creaky voiced
U+0330
IPA#406		 b̰ a̰ ̺ Apical
U+033A
IPA#409		 t̺ d̺
ʰ Aspirated
U+02B0
IPA#404		 tʰ dʰ ̼ Linguolabial
U+033C
IPA#407		 t̼ d̼ ̻ Laminal
U+033B
IPA#410		 t̻ d̻
̹ More rounded
U+0339
IPA#411		 ɔ̹ ʷ Labialized
U+02B7
IPA#420		 tʷ dʷ ̃ Nasalized
U+0303
IPA#424		 ẽ
̜ Less rounded
U+031C
IPA#412		 ɔ̜ ʲ Palatalized
U+02B2
IPA#421		 tʲ dʲ ⁿ Nasal release
U+207F
IPA#425		 dⁿ
̟ Advanced
U+031F
IPA#413		 u̟ ˠ Velarized
U+02E0
IPA#422		 tˠ dˠ ˡ Lateral rel.
U+02E1
IPA#426		 dˡ
̠ Retracted
U+0320
IPA#414		 e̠ ˤ Pharyngealized
U+02E4
IPA#423		 tˤ dˤ ̚ no audible rel.
U+031A
IPA#427		 d̚
̈ Centralized
U+0308
IPA#415		 ë ̴ Velarized or
pharyngealized
U+0334 IPA#428		 l̴ [middle tilde tests]
̽ Mid-central.
U+033D
IPA#416		 e̽ ̝ Raised (1st way)
U+031D IPA#429		 e̝ ɹ̝ ˔ Raised (2nd way)
U+02D4 IPA#429		 e˔ ɹ˔
̩ Syllabic
U+0329
IPA#431		 ɹ̩ ̞ Lowered (1st way)
U+031E IPA#430		 e̞ β̞ ˕ Lowered (2nd way)
U+02D5 IPA#429		 e˕ ɹ˕
̯ Non-syllabic
U+032F
IPA#432		 e̯ ̘ Advanced Tongue Root
U+0318
IPA#417		 e̘  
˞ Rhoticity   [rhotic tests]
U+02DE
IPA#419		 ə˞ a˞ ̙ Retracted Tongue Root
U+0319
IPA#418		 e̙  
precomposed "schwa with hook" U+025A IPA#327 ɚ
precomposed "reversed open e with hook" U+025D ɝ

 

"WITH MIDDLE TILDE" CHARACTER TEST TABLE

combining (symbol plus U+0334 / IPA#428) b̴ d̴ f̴ l̴ m̴ n̴
precomposed ᵬ ᵭ ᵮ ɫ ᵯ ᵰ
U+1D6C
 		 U+1D6D
 		 U+1D6E
 		 U+026B
IPA#209		 U+1D6F
 		 U+1D70
 
 
combining (symbol plus U+0334 / IPA#428) p̴ r̴ ɾ̴ s̴ t̴ z̴
precomposed ᵱ ᵲ ᵳ ᵴ ᵵ ᵶ
U+1D71 U+1D72 U+1D73 U+1D74 U+1D75 U+1D76

Recommendation: U+0334 COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY should only be used if there is no equivalent precomposed character.

 

COMBINING RHOTIC HOOK TESTS (symbol plus U+02DE / IPA#419)

i˞ e˞ ɛ˞ a˞ ɑ˞ ɔ˞ o˞ u˞ y˞ ø˞ œ˞ ɶ˞ ɒ˞ ʌ˞ ɤ˞ ɯ˞ ɨ˞ ʉ˞ ɪ˞ ʏ˞ ʊ˞ ə˞ ɵ˞ ɐ˞ æ˞ ɜ˞ ɞ˞ ɘ˞

Note: I've included the full set of IPA vowel symbols in the above table but I don't know if rhoticity applies to them all.

 

SUPRASEGMENTALS

ˈ Primary stress
U+02C8   IPA#501		   ˌfoʊnəˈtɪʃən  
ˌ Secondary stress
U+02CC   IPA#502		  
ː Long
U+02D0   IPA#503		   eː
ˑ Half-long
U+02D1   IPA#504		   eˑ
̆ Extra-short
U+0306   IPA#505		   ĕ
| Minor (foot) group
U+007C   IPA#507
‖ Major (intonation) group
U+2016   IPA#508
. Syllable break
U+002E   IPA#506		   ɹi.ækt
‿ Linking (absence of a break)
U+203F   IPA#509

 

TONES & WORD ACCENTS (shown with "e")

LEVEL   CONTOUR (see notes below)
e̋
 or e˥ Extra high ě or e˩˥ Rising
U+030B
IPA#512		 U+02E5
IPA#519		 U+030C
IPA#524		 U+02E9 U+02E5
IPA#529
é
   e˦ High ê   e˥˩ Falling
U+0301
IPA#513		 U+02E6
IPA#520		 U+0302
IPA#525		 U+02E5 U+02E9
IPA#530
ē
   e˧ Mid e᷄   e˦˥ High rising
U+0304
IPA#514		 U+02E7
IPA#521		 U+1DC4
IPA#526		 U+02E6 U+02E5
IPA#531
è
   e˨ Low e᷅   e˩˨ Low rising
U+0300
IPA#515		 U+02E8
IPA#522		 U+1DC5
IPA#527		 U+02E9 U+02E8
IPA#532
ȅ
   e˩ Extra low e᷈   e˦˥˦ Rising-falling etc.
U+030F
IPA#516		 U+02E9
IPA#523		 U+1DC8
IPA#528		 U+02E6 U+02E5 U+02E6
IPA#533
↓  
 		 Downstep
U+2193* IPA#517		 ↗  
 		 Global rise
U+2197 IPA#510
↑  
 		 Upstep
U+2191* IPA#518		 ↘  
 		 Global fall
U+2198 IPA#511

*Raised, half height arrows for Downstep and Upstep are proposed for Unicode version 5.1.
They will replace the 1999 IPA Handbook values of U+2193 and U+2191 respectively.

Contour Notes:

  1. OpenType ligature processing is needed to properly display tone contours. For example, the "Falling" contour example above (IPA#530 / U+02E5 U+02E9) should look something like a narrow "V", not like IPA#519 / U+02E5 in front of IPA#523 / U+02E9.
    You might be able to see the ligatures if...
    1. You have a fairly current version of the Uniscribe engine (USP10.DLL).
      The       BabelPad information page discusses Uniscribe issues, not that they're specific to BabelPad.
    2. You use a font which supports contours, like "Doulos SIL"
    3. You use an application that supports OpenType ligature processing.
      Web browsers that should work include Internet Explorer 6, Netscape 7, and Firefox.
      Text editors include Adobe InDesign, BabelPad (free), Microsoft Word 2002 or newer (older versions might work), WorldPad (free), or StarOffice 7.0 (free for education and research purposes).
  2. IPA symbols not yet in Unicode can be found in the SIL Corporate Private Use Area assignment. The "Doulos SIL" font follows the assignment guidelines.

TONE/CONTOUR TEST GRID
(see Contour notes above)
 
tones
U+02E9 U+02E8 U+02E7 U+02E6 U+02E5
˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥
2 tone
contours		 3 tone contours
U+02E9 U+02E8 U+02E7 U+02E6 U+02E5
U+02E9
U+02E9		 ˩˩ ˩˩˩ ˩˩˨ ˩˩˧ ˩˩˦ ˩˩˥
U+02E9
U+02E8		 ˩˨ ˩˨˩ ˩˨˨ ˩˨˧ ˩˨˦ ˩˨˥
U+02E9
U+02E7		 ˩˧ ˩˧˩ ˩˧˨ ˩˧˧ ˩˧˦ ˩˧˥
U+02E9
U+02E6		 ˩˦ ˩˦˩ ˩˦˨ ˩˦˧ ˩˦˦ ˩˦˥
U+02E9
U+02E5		 ˩˥ ˩˥˩ ˩˥˨ ˩˥˧ ˩˥˦ ˩˥˥
  U+02E9 U+02E8 U+02E7 U+02E6 U+02E5
U+02E8
U+02E9		 ˨˩ ˨˩˩ ˨˩˨ ˨˩˧ ˨˩˦ ˨˩˥
U+02E8
U+02E8		 ˨˨ ˨˨˩ ˨˨˨ ˨˨˧ ˨˨˦ ˨˨˥
U+02E8
U+02E7		 ˨˧ ˨˧˩ ˨˧˨ ˨˧˧ ˨˧˦ ˨˧˥
U+02E8
U+02E6		 ˨˦ ˨˦˩ ˨˦˨ ˨˦˧ ˨˦˦ ˨˦˥
U+02E8
U+02E5		 ˨˥ ˨˥˩ ˨˥˨ ˨˥˧ ˨˥˦ ˨˥˥
  U+02E9 U+02E8 U+02E7 U+02E6 U+02E5
U+02E7
U+02E9		 ˧˩ ˧˩˩ ˧˩˨ ˧˩˧ ˧˩˦ ˧˩˥
U+02E7
U+02E8		 ˧˨ ˧˨˩ ˧˨˨ ˧˨˧ ˧˨˦ ˧˨˥
U+02E7
U+02E7		 ˧˧ ˧˧˩ ˧˧˨ ˧˧˧ ˧˧˦ ˧˧˥
U+02E7
U+02E6		 ˧˦ ˧˦˩ ˧˦˨ ˧˦˧ ˧˦˦ ˧˦˥
U+02E7
U+02E5		 ˧˥ ˧˥˩ ˧˥˨ ˧˥˧ ˧˥˦ ˧˥˥
  U+02E9 U+02E8 U+02E7 U+02E6 U+02E5
U+02E6
U+02E9		 ˦˩ ˦˩˩ ˦˩˨ ˦˩˧ ˦˩˦ ˦˩˥
U+02E6
U+02E8		 ˦˨ ˦˨˩ ˦˨˨ ˦˨˧ ˦˨˦ ˦˨˥
U+02E6
U+02E7		 ˦˧ ˦˧˩ ˦˧˨ ˦˧˧ ˦˧˦ ˦˧˥
U+02E6
U+02E6		 ˦˦ ˦˦˩ ˦˦˨ ˦˦˧ ˦˦˦ ˦˦˥
U+02E6
U+02E5		 ˦˥ ˦˥˩ ˦˥˨ ˦˥˧ ˦˥˦ ˦˥˥
  U+02E9 U+02E8 U+02E7 U+02E6 U+02E5
U+02E5
U+02E9		 ˥˩ ˥˩˩ ˥˩˨ ˥˩˧ ˥˩˦ ˥˩˥
U+02E5
U+02E8		 ˥˨ ˥˨˩ ˥˨˨ ˥˨˧ ˥˨˦ ˥˨˥
U+02E5
U+02E7		 ˥˧ ˥˧˩ ˥˧˨ ˥˧˧ ˥˧˦ ˥˧˥
U+02E5
U+02E6		 ˥˦ ˥˦˩ ˥˦˨ ˥˦˧ ˥˦˦ ˥˦˥
U+02E5
U+02E5		 ˥˥ ˥˥˩ ˥˥˨ ˥˥˧ ˥˥˦ ˥˥˥
2 tone
contours		 U+02E9 U+02E8 U+02E7 U+02E6 U+02E5
3 tone contours

 

SUPERSCRIPT VARIANTS OF IPA SYMBOLS (excluding those shown elsewhere)

symbol information
ᵃ U+1D43: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL A
superscript variant of IPA #304 Lower-case A
ᵄ U+1D44: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED A
superscript variant of IPA #324 Turned A
ᵅ U+1D45: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ALPHA
superscript variant of IPA #305 Script A
ᵇ U+1D47: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ALPHA
superscript variant of IPA #102 Lower-case B
ᵈ U+1D48: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D
superscript variant of IPA #104 Lower-case D
ᵉ U+1D49: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL E
superscript variant of IPA #302 Lower-case E
ᵋ U+1D4B: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL OPEN E
superscript variant of IPA #303 Epsilon
ᵏ U+1D4F: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL K
superscript variant of IPA #109 Lower-case K
ᵐ U+1D50: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL M
superscript variant of IPA #114 Lower-case M
ᵑ U+1D51: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ENG
superscript variant of IPA #119 Eng
ᵒ U+1D52: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL O
superscript variant of IPA #307 Lower-case O
ᵓ U+1D53: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL OPEN O
superscript variant of IPA #306 Open O
ᵖ U+1D56: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL P
superscript variant of IPA #101 Lower-case P
ᵗ U+1D57: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL T
superscript variant of IPA #103 Lower-case T
ᵘ U+1D58: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL U
superscript variant of IPA #308 Lower-case U
ᵚ U+1D5A: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED M
superscript variant of IPA #316 Turned M
ᵛ U+1D5B: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL V
superscript variant of IPA #129 Lower-case V
ᶛ U+1D9B: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED ALPHA
superscript variant of IPA #313 Turned script A
ᶜ U+1D9C: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL C
superscript variant of IPA #107 Curly-tail C
ᶝ U+1D9D: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL C WITH CURL
superscript variant of IPA #182 Curly-tail C
ᶟ U+1D9F: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED OPEN E
superscript variant of IPA #326 Reversed epsion
ᶠ U+1DA0: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL F
superscript variant of IPA #128 Lower-case F
ᶡ U+1DA1: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DOTLESS J WITH STROKE
superscript variant of IPA #108 Barred dotless J
ᶢ U+1DA2: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL SCRIPT G
superscript variant of IPA #110 Opentail G
ᶤ U+1DA4: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL I WITH STROKE
superscript variant of IPA #317 Barred I
ᶦ U+1DA6: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I
superscript variant of IPA #319 Small capital I
ᶩ U+1DA9: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK
superscript variant of IPA #156 Right-tail L
ᶭ U+1DAD: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED M WITH LONG LEG
superscript variant of IPA #154 Turned M, right leg
ᶮ U+1DAE: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL N WITH LEFT HOOK
superscript variant of IPA #118 Left-tail N (at left)
ᶱ U+1DB1: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL BARRED O
superscript variant of IPA #323 Barred O
ᶴ U+1DB4: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ESH
superscript variant of IPA #134 Esh
ᶶ U+1DB6: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL U BAR
superscript variant of IPA #318 Barred U
ᶷ U+1DB7: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL UPSILON
superscript variant of IPA #321 Upsilon
ᶺ U+1DBA: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED V
superscript variant of IPA #314 Turned V
ᶻ U+1DBB: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Z
superscript variant of IPA #133 Lower-case Z
ᶽ U+1DBD: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Z WITH CURL
superscript variant of IPA #183 Curly-tail Z
ᶾ U+1DBE: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL EZH
superscript variant of IPA #135 Ezh; Tailed Z

 

WITHDRAWN, SUPERSEDED, NON-IPA, ET CETERA

symbol information combining
example
ƥ U+01A5: LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH HOOK
IPA #159 Hooktop P: Voiceless bilabial implosive (Withdrawn in 1993)
ƭ U+01AD LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH HOOK
IPA #161 Hooktop T: Voiceless dental or alveolar implosive (Withdrawn in 1993)
ƈ U+0188 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH HOOK
IPA #163 Hooktop C: Voiceless palatal implosive (Withdrawn in 1993)
ƙ U+0199 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK
IPA #165 Hooktop K: Voiceless velar implosive (Withdrawn in 1993)
ʠ U+02A0 LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK
IPA #167 Hooktop Q: Voiceless uvular implosive (Withdrawn in 1993)
ʇ U+0287 LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T
IPA #201 Turned T: Dental click (Superseded by IPA #177 in 1989)
ʗ U+0297 LATIN LETTER STRETCHED C
IPA #202 Stretched C: Postalveolar click (Superseded by IPA #178 in 1989)
ʖ U+0296 LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP
IPA #203 Inverted glottal stop: Alveolar lateral click (Superseded by IPA #180 in 1989)
ʆ U+0286 LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH CURL
IPA #204 Curly-tail esh (Withdrawn in 1989)
ʓ U+0293 LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CURL
IPA #205 Curly-tail ezh (Withdrawn in 1989)
ɼ U+027C LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LONG LEG
IPA #206 Long-leg R (Withdrawn in 1989)
ˢ U+02E2 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S
IPA #207 Superscript S (Withdrawn in 1989)
ƫ U+01AB LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK
IPA #208 Left-hook T: Palatalized voiceless dental or alveolar plosive (Withdrawn in 1989)
ʦ U+02A6 LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH
IPA #211 T-S ligature: Voiceless dental or alveolar affricate (Superseded by IPA #103 + #132)
ʣ U+02A3 LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH
IPA #212 D-Z ligature: Voiced alveolar affricate (Superseded by IPA #104 + #133)
ʧ U+02A7 LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH
IPA #213 T-Esh ligature: Voiceless postalveolar affricate (Superseded by IPA #103 + #134)
ʤ U+02A4 LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH
IPA #214 D-Ezh ligature: Voiced postalveolar affricate (Superseded by IPA #104 + #135)
ʨ U+02A8 LATIN SMALL LETTER TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL
IPA #215 T-Curly-tail-C ligature: Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate (Superseded by IPA #103 + #182)
ʥ U+02A5 LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL
IPA #216 D-Curly-tail-Z: Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate (Superseded by IPA #104 + #183)
ᶑ U+1D91: LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK AND TAIL
IPA #219 Hooktop right-tail D: Voiced retroflex implosive (Not explicitly IPA approved)
ƻ U+01BB LATIN LETTER TWO WITH STROKE
IPA #290 Barred two (Withdrawn in 1976)
ʞ U+029E LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K
IPA #291 Turned K (Withdrawn in 1979)
ƞ U+019E LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG
IPA #293 N, right leg: Syllabic nasal (Withdrawn in 1976)
ƛ U+019B LATIN SMALL LETTER LAMBDA WITH STROKE
IPA #294 Barred lambda: Voiceless dental or alveolar lateral affricate (Not IPA usage)
λ U+03BB GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA
IPA #295 Lambda: Voiceless dental or alveolar lateral fricative (Not IPA usage)
ž U+017E LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON
IPA #296 Z wedge: Voiced postalveolar fricative (Not IPA usage)
š U+0161 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON
IPA #297 S wedge: Voiceless postalveolar fricative (Not IPA usage)
ǰ U+01F0 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CARON
IPA #298 J wedge: Voiced postalveolar affricate (Not IPA usage)
č U+010D LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON
IPA #299 C wedge: Voiceless postalveolar affricate (Not IPA usage)
ı U+0131 LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I
IPA #394 Undotted I (Not IPA usage)
ʚ U+029A LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OPEN E
IPA #396 Closed epsilon (Superseded by IPA #395 in 1996)
ɷ U+0277 LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA
IPA #398 Closed omega: Near-close near-back rounded vowel (Superseded by IPA #321 in 1989)
ɩ U+0269 LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA
IPA #399 Iota: Near-close near-front unrounded vowel (Superseded by IPA #319 in 1989)
̢ U+0322 COMBINING RETROFLEX HOOK BELOW
IPA #489 Subscript right hook: Rhoticity (Superseded by IPA #419 in 1989)
Recommendation: U+0322 should only be used if there is no equivalent precomposed character
Precomposed characters 1D8F, 1D90, 1D92-1D99, & 1D9A:		 e̢
   ᶏ    ᶐ    ᶒ    ᶓ    ᶔ    ᶕ    ᶖ    ᶗ    ᶘ    ᶙ    ᶚ  
  U+????
IPA #490 Open corner: Release/burst (Not IPA usage)
, U+002C COMMA
IPA #491 Comma: Pause - comma (Not IPA usage)
ʻ U+02BB MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA
IPA #492 Reversed apostrophe: Weak aspiration (Withdrawn in 1979)
̇ U+0307 COMBINING DOT ABOVE
IPA #493 Over-dot: Palatalization/centralization (Withdrawn in 1979)		 ė
˗ U+02D7 MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN
IPA #494 Minus sign: Retracted variety - backed (Use IPA #414 or #418 as of 1989)
˖ U+02D6 MODIFIER LETTER PLUS SIGN
IPA #495 Plus sign: Advanced variety - fronted (Use IPA# 413 or #417 as of 1989)
ʸ U+02B8 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Y
IPA #496 Superscript Y: High-front rounding/palatalized (Not IPA usage)
̣ U+0323 COMBINING DOT BELOW
IPA #497 Under-dot: Closer variety/fricative (Use IPA# 429 as of 1989)		 ẹ
̡ U+0321 COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW
IPA #498 Subscript left hook: Palatalized (Superseded by IPA #421 in 1989)
Recommendation: U+0321 should only be used if there is no equivalent precomposed character
Precomposed characters 01AB & 1D80-1D8E:		 d̡
   ƫ    ᶀ    ᶁ    ᶂ    ᶃ    ᶄ    ᶅ    ᶆ    ᶇ    ᶈ    ᶉ    ᶊ    ᶋ    ᶌ    ᶍ    ᶎ  
̫ U+032B COMBINING INVERTED DOUBLE ARCH BELOW
IPA #499 Subscript W: Labialized (Superseded by IPA #420 in 1989)		 d̫
̑ U+0311 COMBINING INVERTED BREVE
IPA #595 Superscript arch: Long falling tone/advanced/palatal (Not IPA usage)		 ȇ
ˇ U+02C7 CARON
IPA #596 Wedge; hacek: Falling-rising tone (Usage redefined in 1989, See IPA #524)
ˆ U+02C6 MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
IPA #597 Circumflex: Rising-falling tone (Usage redefined in 1989, See IPA #525)
̖ U+0316 COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT BELOW
IPA #598 Subscript grave accent: Low falling tone (Superseded in 1989)		 e̖
ˎ U+02CE MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT
IPA #598 Subscript grave accent: Low falling tone (Superseded in 1989)
̗ U+0317 COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT BELOW
IPA #599 Subscript acute accent: Low rising tone (Superseded in 1989)		 e̗
ˏ U+02CF MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT
IPA #599 Subscript acute accent: Low rising tone (Superseded in 1989)

 

 

ExtIPA SYMBOLS FOR DISORDERED SPEECH
(Revised to 1997)

CONSONANTS (other than those on the IPA Chart) left half of chart

  bilabial
 
 		 labiodental
combining mark
U+032A IPA#408		 dentolabial
combining mark
U+0346 IPA#651		 labioalveolar
combining mark
U+0347 IPA#675		 linguolabial
combining mark
U+033C IPA#407		  
Plosive   p̪ b̪ p͆ b͆ p͇ b͇ t̼ d̼  
Nasal       m͆   m͇   n̼  
Trill           r̼  
Fricative: central     f͆ v͆ f͇ v͇ θ̼ ð̼  
Fricative: lateral + central            
Fricative: nareal
combining mark U+034B IPA#655		   m͋          
Percussive ʬ U+02AC
IPA#???		          
Approximant: lateral           l̼  

CONSONANTS (other than those on the IPA Chart) right half of chart

  interdental bidental alveolar velar velophar.
  combining marks*
U+0346 & U+032A IPA#653
  t̪͆ d̪͆         Plosive
    n̪͆         Nasal
    r̪͆         Trill
  θ̪͆ ð̪͆ h̪͆ ɦ̪͆     U+02A9
IPA#602		 ʩ Fricative: central
      U+02AA
IPA#603		 ʪ ʫ U+02AB
IPA#604		     Fricative: lateral + central
        n͋       ŋ͋   Fricative: nareal
combining mark U+034B IPA#655
    ʭ U+02AD
IPA#601		       Percussive
    l̪͆         Approximant: lateral

*Note on interdental/bidental combining marks: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N1845 proposed a single Unicode character for IPA #653 (Superscript+subscript bridge) but it has not yet been accepted for the Standard.

 

  ExtIPA DIACRITICS  
͍ labial spreading
U+034D IPA#652		 s͍ ͈ strong articulation
U+0348 IPA#657		 f͈ ͊ denasal
U+034A IPA#654		 m͊
͆ dentolabial
U+0346 IPA#651		 v͆ ͉ weak articulation
U+0349 IPA#658		 v͉ ͋ nasal escape
U+034B IPA#655		 v͋
̪͆ interdental / bidental
U+0346 & U+032A IPA#653		 n̪͆ \ reiterated articulation
U+005C IPA#659		 p\p\p ͌ velopharyngeal friction
U+034C IPA#656		 s͌
͇ alveolar
U+0347 IPA#675		 t͇ ͎ whistled articulation
U+034E IPA#660		 s͎ ↓ ingressive airflow
U+2193 IPA#661		 p↓
̼ linguolabial
U+033C IPA#407		 d̼  ͢  strong articulation
U+0362 IPA#674		 θ͢s ↑ egressive airflow
U+2191 IPA#662		 !↑

 
ExtIPA CONNECTED SPEECH
IPA# symbols description example
631 (use 506) (.) short pause  
632 (use 506) (..) medium pause  
633 (use 506) (...) long pause  
634 f loud speech [{f  lɑʊd f }]
635 ff louder speech [{ff  lɑʊdɚ ff }]
636 p quiet speech [{p kwaɪət p}]
637 pp quieter speech [{pp kwaɪətɚ pp}]
638 allegro fast speech [{allegro fɑːst allegro}]
639 lento slow speech [{lento sloʊ lento}]
no IPA# crescendo, rallentando,   etc. may also be used

 
ExtIPA VOICING
ˬ   pre-voicing
U+02EC IPA#663 (use 403)		 ˬz
  ˬ post-voicing
U+02EC IPA#664 (= 403)		 zˬ
₍ ̥₎ partial devoicing
U+208D letter U+0325 U+208E* IPA#668		 ₍z̥₎
₍ ̥ initial partial devoicing
U+208D letter U+0325* IPA#669		 ₍z̥
 ̥₎ final partial devoicing
letter U+0325 U+208E* IPA#670		 z̥₎
₍ ̬₎ partial voicing
U+208D letter U+032C U+208E* IPA#665		 ₍s̬₎
₍ ̬ initial partial voicing
U+208D letter U+032C* IPA#666		 ₍s̬
 ̬₎ final partial voicing
letter U+032C U+208E* IPA#667		 s̬₎
˭ unaspirated
U+02ED IPA#680		 p˭
ʰ unaspirated
U+02B0 IPA#671 (use 404)		 ʰp

*Note on devoicing/voicing combining marks: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N1845 proposed separate Unicode characters for IPA #665 - #670 but they have not yet been accepted for the Standard.

 

ExtIPA OTHERS
(  ) indeterminate sound
U+???? IPA#???
(V), (Pl) indeterminate vowel, plosive, etc.
U+???? IPA#???
(Pl,vls) indeterminate voiceless plosive, etc.
U+???? IPA#???
(  ) silent articulation
U+0028 U+0029 IPA#906 #907		 (ʃ), (m)
((  )) extraneous noise
U+0028 U+0028 U+0029 U+0029 IPA#908 #909		 ((2 sylls))
¡ sublaminal lower alveolar percussive click
U+00A1? IPA#???
ǃ¡ alveolar & sublaminal click ('cluck-click')
U+01C3 U+00A1? IPA#???
* sound with no available symbol
U+002A IPA#612

 

Additional ExtIPA Symbols (sorted by IPA#)

symbol information example
❍ U+274D: SHADOWED WHITE CIRCLE
IPA #611 Balloon: Unidentified segment(s)
V U+0056: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V
IPA #621 (= 722) Upper-case V: Voice
F U+0046: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F
IPA #622 (= 706) Upper-case F: Falsetto
W U+0057: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W
IPA #623 (= 723) Upper-case W: Whisper
C U+0043: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C
IPA #624 (= 703) Upper-case C: Creak
L U+004C: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L
IPA #625 (= 712) Upper-case L: Larynx
J U+004A: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J
IPA #626 (= 710) Upper-case J: Jaw
ΠU+0152: LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE
IPA #627 Upper-case O-E ligature: Oesophageal speech
Θ U+0398: GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA
IPA #628 Upper-case Greek Theta: Protruded-tongue voice
1 U+0031: DIGIT ONE
IPA #640 Numeral one: Slight degree
2 U+0032: DIGIT TWO
IPA #641 Numeral two: Moderate degree
3 U+0033: DIGIT THREE
IPA #642 Numeral three: Extreme degree
!! U+0021 U+0021: EXCLAMATION MARK
IPA #672 Right-sited double exclamation point: Ventricular
‼ or U+203C: DOUBLE EXCLAMATION MARK
IPA #672 Right-sited double exclamation point: Ventricular
ᶹ U+1DB9: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL V WITH HOOK
IPA #673 Superscript cursive V: Labiodentalized
ʶ U+02B6: MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R
IPA #676 Superscript inverted small capital R: Uvularized
  Not in Unicode but could be represented by a superscript formatting of U+0126: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH STROKE
IPA #677: Superscript double-barred H: Faucalized 		_Ħ_
  Not in Unicode but could be represented by a superscript formatting of U+0153: LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE
IPA #678: Superscript O-E ligature: Labialized: Open-rounded		 _œ_
! U+0021: EXCLAMATION MARK
IPA #679 Right-sited exclamation point: Harsh
͔ U+0354: COMBINING LEFT ARROWHEAD BELOW
IPA #681 Subscript left pointer: Laterally offset to the right		 X͔
͕ U+0355: COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW
IPA #682 Subscript right pointer: Laterally offset to the left		 X͕
˷ U+02F7: MODIFIER LETTER LOW TILDE
IPA #683 (= 406) Right-sited subscript tilde: Creaky
A U+0041: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A
IPA #701 Upper-case A: A
B U+0042: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B
IPA #702 Upper-case B: B
C U+0043: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C
IPA #703 (use 624) Upper-case C: C (Creak)
D U+0044: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D
IPA #704 Upper-case D: D
E U+0045: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E
IPA #705 Upper-case E: E
F U+0046: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F
IPA #706 (use 622) Upper-case F: F (Falsetto)
G U+0047: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G
IPA #707 Upper-case G: G
H U+0048: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H
IPA #708 Upper-case H: H
I U+0049: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I
IPA #709 Upper-case I: I
J U+004A: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J
IPA #710 (use 626) Upper-case J: J (Jaw)
K U+004B: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K
IPA #711 Upper-case K: K
L U+004C: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L
IPA #712 (use 625) Upper-case L: L (Larynx)
M U+004D: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M
IPA #713 Upper-case M: M
N U+004E: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N
IPA #714 Upper-case N: N
O U+004F: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O
IPA #715 Upper-case O: O
P U+0050: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P
IPA #716 Upper-case P: P
Q U+0051: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q
IPA #717 Upper-case Q: Q
R U+0052: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R
IPA #718 Upper-case R: R
S U+0053: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S
IPA #719 Upper-case S: S
T U+0054: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T
IPA #720 Upper-case T: T
U U+0055: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U
IPA #721 Upper-case U: U
V U+0056: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V
IPA #722 (use 621) Upper-case V: V (Voice)
W U+0057: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W
IPA #723 (use 623) Upper-case W: W (Whisper)
X U+0058: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X
IPA #724 Upper-case X: X
Y U+0059: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y
IPA #725 Upper-case Y: Y
Z U+005A: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z
IPA #726 Upper-case Z: Z
[ U+005B: LEFT SQUARE BRACKET
IPA #901 Left square bracket: Begin phonetic transcription
] U+005D: RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET
IPA #902 Right square bracket: End phonetic transcription
/ U+002F: SOLIDUS
IPA #903 Slash: Begin / end phonemic transcription
{ U+007B: LEFT CURLY
IPA #910 Left brace: Begin prosodic notation
} U+007D: RIGHT CURLY BRACKET
IPA #911 Right brace: End prosodic notation

External Links

Many other sites provide IPA Unicode test pages and charts. Here are two notable ones:

 

contact information

This page was updated on 2007-09-27